Population Assessment and Ecological Niche Modelling of Carpinus viminea Wall. ex Lindl. - A Multipurpose Tree for Conservation in the Indian Himalayan Region
Population assessment and ecological niche modelling of Carpinus viminea
Keywords:
Niche Modelling; Carpinus viminea; Conservation; Himalayan Region
Abstract
Carpinus viminea Wall. ex Lindl., a lesser known multipurpose tree of the moist temperate forests in Indian Himalayan Region is facing tremendous pressure due to over-exploitation and habitat degradation. Therefore, representative populations (11) representing 04 habitats between 1472 - 2244m and their physico-chemical properties were investigated in Himachal Pradesh. Density, total basal area and regeneration within the habitats and aspects were assessed. Density, basal area and regeneration among habitats were highest in moist slope habitat, and in south-west aspect among aspects. The Total Basal Area of trees had a significant positive correlations with total nitrogen (r = 0.79, P ˂ 0.05 and n = 11) and organic carbon (r = 0.81, P ˂ 0.03 and n = 11). Majority populations had poor regeneration. Potential areas were predicted using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) distribution modelling algorithm. The model calibration test yielded satisfactory results (AUC test = 0.954 ± 0.093). The distribution of potential areas was strongly influenced by bio_17 (Precipitation of Driest Quarter). The model output showed 12.92% area suitable and 2.49% high and very high probability regions for the reintroduction. Therefore, mass multiplication using seed germination protocol, their establishment in identified areas and regular monitoring of the areas are suggested.
References
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Sakshi (2009) Eco-ethnobotanical assessment and conservation priorities of floristic diversity along an altitudinal gradient in central part of Himachal Pradesh. Ph. D. Thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital, India
Samant S S (1987) Flora of the Central and South Eastern Parts of the Pithoragarh District, Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Botany, Kumaun University Nainital, India
Samant S S (1998). Diversity, distribution and conservation of fodder resource of west Himalaya, India. In: Misri B (ed.) Proceedings of the Third Temperate Pasture and Fodder Network (TAPAFON), Pokhra, Nepal, 9-13 March, 1998, sponsored by F.A.O. Rome, pp 109-128
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Samant S S and Dhar U (1997) Diversity, endemism and economic potential of wild edible plants of Indian Himalaya. Intern J Sust Dev World Ecol 4(3) 179-191
Samant S S, Dhar U and Palni L M S (1998) Medicinal plants of Indian Himalaya: Diversity distribution potential value. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, Uttaranchal, India, pp 155-158
Samant S S and Joshi H C (2004) Floristic diversity, community patterns and changes of vegetation in Nanda Devi National Park. In: Biodiversity Monitoring Expedition Nanda Devi 2003. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, pp 39-54
Samant S S, Joshi H C, Arya S C and Pant S (2002) Studies on the structure, composition and changes of the vegetation in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of West Himalaya – Final Technical Report Submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, India
Samant S S, Singh M, Lal M, Sharma A, Sakshi, Singh A, Pant S and Butola J S (2007) Diversity, distribution pattern and economic importance of the agroforestry trees and shrubs in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Status and Potential of Agroforestry in Northwestern Himalayas (Eds. Singh J, Panwar V P, Sharma K D and Singh J). Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, pp 34-42
Shah R, Pande P C and Tiwari L (2008) Traditional veterinary herbals medicines of western part of Almora district, Uttarakhand, Himalayas. Indian J Trad Knowl 7(2) 355-359
Sharma P (2013) Ecological assessment of floristic diversity and possible impacts of hydropower projects in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya. Ph. D. Thesis, Kumaun University Nainital, India
Sharma P and Mishra N K (2009) Ethno-Medicinal uses and argro-biodiversity of Barmana region in Bilashpur district of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13 709-721
Singh H and Sharma M (2006) Flora of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India
Singh, S K and Rawat, G S (2000) Flora of Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India
Tiwari J C and Singh S P (1985) Analysis of woody vegetation in a mixed oak forest of Kumaun Himalaya. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy 51(3) 332-47
Tiwari P K and Tiwari S C (2012) Species diversity and environmental regeneration potential of tree species along an altitudinal gradient in subtropical montane forests of a part in Central Himalaya, India. Intern Res J Appl Basic Sci 1(1) 27-37
Troup R S (1921) The Silviculture of Indian Trees, Volume I, II, III. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Wisz M S, Hijmans R J, Li J, Peterson A T, Graham C H and Guisan A (2008) Effects of sample size on the performance of species distribution models. Diversity and Distributions 14(5) 763-773
Allen S E (1974) Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
Bhatt J and Ram J (2007) Seed and Seedling Characteristics of the Himalayan Hornbeam (Carpinus viminea Wall.), India. Ecol Res 22 156-159
Cheng, D and Xu L (2015) Predicting the potential distributions of Senecio vulgaris L. in China. PeerJ PrePrints, doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1612v1
Curtis J T and Mc Intosh (1950) The interrelation of certain analytic and phytosociological characters. Ecology 31 434-455
Dhaliwal D S andSharma M (1999) Flora of Kullu District (Himachal Pradesh). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Dehra Dun India
Dhar U, Rawal R S and Samant S S (1997) Structural diversity and representativeness of forest vegetation in a protected area of Kumaun Himalaya India. Implications for conservation. Biodives Conserv 6 1045-1062
Elith J, Graham C H, Anderson R P, Dudık M, Ferrier S, Guisan A,Hijmans R J, Huettmann F, Leathwick J R, Lehmann A, Li J, Lohmann L G, Loiselle B A, Manion G, Moritz C, Nakamura M, Nakazawa Y, Overton J McC, Peterson A T, Phillips S J, Richardson K S, Scachetti-Pereira R, Schapire R E, Soberon J, Williams S, Wisz M S and Zimmermann N E (2006) Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distributions from occurrence data. Ecography 29 129-151
Gairola S, Sharma C M, Rana C S, Ghildiyal S K and Suyal S (2010) Phytodiversity (Angiosperms and Gymnosperms) in Mandal-Chopta forest of Garhwal Himalaya Uttarakhand India. Nat Sci 8(1) 1-17
Gaur R D (1999) Flora of District Garhwal North West Himalaya (With Ethnobotanical Notes). Trans Media Srinagar Garhwal India
Greig-Smith P (1957) Quantitative Plant Ecology. Academic Press New York
Guisan A and Thuiller W (2005) Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models. Ecol Lett 8(9) 993-1009
Hijmans R J, Cameron S E, Parra J L, Jones P G and Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Internl J Climatol 25(15) 1965-1978
Jackson M L (1958) Soil chemical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc.; Englewood Cliffs.
James F C, and McCulloch C E (1990) Multivariate analysis in ecology and systematics: panacea or Pandora's box. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 21(1) 129-166
Jaryan V, Datta A, Uniyal S K, Kumar A, Gupta R C and Singh R D (2013) Modelling potential distribution of Sapium sebiferum—an invasive tree species in Western Himalaya. Curr Sci 105(9) 1282-1287
Joshi H C and Samant S S (2004) Assessment of forest vegetation and prioritization of communities for conservation in a part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, West Himalaya, India. Intern J Sust Dev World Ecol 11 326-336
Kershaw K A (1973) Quantitative and Dynamic Plant Ecology.2nd edn. Edward Arnold Limited, London
Merow C, Smith M J and Silander J A (2013) A practical guide to MaxEnt for modeling species’ distributions: what it does, and why inputs and settings matter. Ecography 36(10) 1058-1069
Mishra B P, Tripathi O P, Tripathi, R S and Pandey H N (2004) Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on plant diversity and community structure of a sacred grove in Meghalaya, northeast India. Biodivers Conserv 13(2) 421-436
Misra R (1968) Ecological Work Book. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, Calcutta, India
Mueller-Dombois D and Ellenberge H (1974) Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Willey and Sons, New York
Naithani B D (1984) Flora of chamoli. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India, pp 595-596
Olsen S R (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department Of Agriculture; Washington
Ortega-Huerta M A and Peterson A T (2008) Modeling ecological niches and predicting geographic distributions: a test of six presence-only methods. Re Mex De Biodiver 79 205-216
Pande P C and Tiwari L (2015) Ethnoveterinary Plants of Central Himalaya. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India
Pande P C, Tiwari L and Pande H C (2007) Ethnoveterinary plants of Uttaranchal-A review. Indian J Trad Knowl 6(3) 444-458
Pangtey Y P S, Samant S S and Rawat G S (1988) Contribution to the flora of Pithoragarh district, Kumaun Himalaya. Himalayan Research and Development 7 24-46
Pant S and Samant S S (2007) Assessment of Plant diversity and prioritization communities for conservation in Mornaula. Appl Ecol Environ Res 5(2) 123-138
Phillips S J, Anderson R P andSchapire R E (2006) Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol Model 190(3) 231-259
Polunin O and Stainton A (1984) Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
Purohit K and Samant S S (1995) Fodder trees and shrubs of Central Himalaya. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, India
Rana M S and Samant S S (2011) Diversity, Indigenous uses and conservation status of Medicinal plants in Manali Wildlife Sanctuary, Northwestern Himalaya. Indian J Trad Knowl 10(3) 439-459
Sakshi (2009) Eco-ethnobotanical assessment and conservation priorities of floristic diversity along an altitudinal gradient in central part of Himachal Pradesh. Ph. D. Thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital, India
Samant S S (1987) Flora of the Central and South Eastern Parts of the Pithoragarh District, Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Botany, Kumaun University Nainital, India
Samant S S (1998). Diversity, distribution and conservation of fodder resource of west Himalaya, India. In: Misri B (ed.) Proceedings of the Third Temperate Pasture and Fodder Network (TAPAFON), Pokhra, Nepal, 9-13 March, 1998, sponsored by F.A.O. Rome, pp 109-128
Samant S S (2015) Assessment, valuation and conservation prioritization of floristic diversity in the trans, north west and west Himalaya. D. Sc. Thesis, Department of Botany, Kumaun University Nainital, India
Samant S S and Dhar U (1997) Diversity, endemism and economic potential of wild edible plants of Indian Himalaya. Intern J Sust Dev World Ecol 4(3) 179-191
Samant S S, Dhar U and Palni L M S (1998) Medicinal plants of Indian Himalaya: Diversity distribution potential value. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, Uttaranchal, India, pp 155-158
Samant S S and Joshi H C (2004) Floristic diversity, community patterns and changes of vegetation in Nanda Devi National Park. In: Biodiversity Monitoring Expedition Nanda Devi 2003. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, pp 39-54
Samant S S, Joshi H C, Arya S C and Pant S (2002) Studies on the structure, composition and changes of the vegetation in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of West Himalaya – Final Technical Report Submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, India
Samant S S, Singh M, Lal M, Sharma A, Sakshi, Singh A, Pant S and Butola J S (2007) Diversity, distribution pattern and economic importance of the agroforestry trees and shrubs in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Status and Potential of Agroforestry in Northwestern Himalayas (Eds. Singh J, Panwar V P, Sharma K D and Singh J). Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, pp 34-42
Shah R, Pande P C and Tiwari L (2008) Traditional veterinary herbals medicines of western part of Almora district, Uttarakhand, Himalayas. Indian J Trad Knowl 7(2) 355-359
Sharma P (2013) Ecological assessment of floristic diversity and possible impacts of hydropower projects in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya. Ph. D. Thesis, Kumaun University Nainital, India
Sharma P and Mishra N K (2009) Ethno-Medicinal uses and argro-biodiversity of Barmana region in Bilashpur district of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13 709-721
Singh H and Sharma M (2006) Flora of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India
Singh, S K and Rawat, G S (2000) Flora of Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India
Tiwari J C and Singh S P (1985) Analysis of woody vegetation in a mixed oak forest of Kumaun Himalaya. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy 51(3) 332-47
Tiwari P K and Tiwari S C (2012) Species diversity and environmental regeneration potential of tree species along an altitudinal gradient in subtropical montane forests of a part in Central Himalaya, India. Intern Res J Appl Basic Sci 1(1) 27-37
Troup R S (1921) The Silviculture of Indian Trees, Volume I, II, III. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Wisz M S, Hijmans R J, Li J, Peterson A T, Graham C H and Guisan A (2008) Effects of sample size on the performance of species distribution models. Diversity and Distributions 14(5) 763-773
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2018-07-09
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