Cationic Biocide Anchored Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes for Water Purification
Abstract
PVDF/PBSA [poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate)] phase inversion membranes were obtained using non-solvent induced phase separation and their porous hierarchical morphology were assessed using SEM. In order to render the membrane surface antibacterial, graphene oxide sheets were modified with a cationic biocide, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, and were subsequently grafted on the membrane surface through esterification. Successful grafting was confirmed by XPS and supported with NMR studies. A standard plate count method was used to assess the antimicrobial properties taking E. coli and S. aureus as model bacterial systems. To gain insight into the mechanism of bacterial inactivation, intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation was investigated on the microbial strains. The trans-membrane flux was measured using a cross-flow flux setup. For evaluating the long term efficacy of modified membranes; flux was also measured for different membranes both with pure water and bacterial feed. The membranes were excellent in retaining the flux in a long run after modifications. The anti-fouling performance was carried out using BSA (Bovine serum albumin) as a model biofoulant. The flux recovery ratio was significantly higher as compared
to pristine membranes. Taken together, these modified membranes open new avenues in designing unique membranes for water purification.
References
2. Qadir D, Mukhtar H, Keong LK (2017) Mixed Matrix Membranes for Water Purification Applications. Separation & Purification Reviews 46 (1):62-80
3. Lonsdale H (1982) The growth of membrane technology. Journal of Membrane Science 10 (2-3):81-181
4. Baker RW (2000) Membrane technology. Wiley Online Library,
5. Staude E (1992) Marcel Mulder: Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1991, ISBN 0‐7923‐0978‐2, 363 Seiten, Preis: DM 200,—. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 96 (5):741-742
6. Liu F, Hashim NA, Liu Y, Abed MM, Li K (2011) Progress in the production and modification of PVDF membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 375 (1):1-27
7. Mulder J (2012) Basic principles of membrane technology. Springer Science & Business Media,
8. Kesting RE Phase inversion membranes. In: ACS symposium series, 1985. Oxford University Press, pp 131-164
9. Mural PKS, Jain S, Madras G, Bose S (2016) Improving antifouling ability by site-specific silver decoration on polyethylene ionomer membranes for water remediation: assessed using 3D micro computed tomography, water flux and antibacterial studies. RSC Advances 6 (91):88057-88065
10. Zodrow K, Brunet L, Mahendra S, Li D, Zhang A, Li Q, Alvarez PJ (2009) Polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes impregnated with silver nanoparticles show improved biofouling resistance and virus removal. Water research 43 (3):715-723
11. Zhang M, Zhang K, De Gusseme B, Verstraete W (2012) Biogenic silver nanoparticles (bio-Ag 0) decrease biofouling of bio-Ag 0/PES nanocomposite membranes. Water research 46 (7):2077-2087
12. Diagne F, Malaisamy R, Boddie V, Holbrook RD, Eribo B, Jones KL (2012) Polyelectrolyte and silver nanoparticle modification of microfiltration membranes to mitigate organic and bacterial fouling. Environmental science & technology 46 (7):4025-4033
13. Ben-Sasson M, Zodrow KR, Genggeng Q, Kang Y, Giannelis EP, Elimelech M (2013) Surface functionalization of thin-film composite membranes with copper nanoparticles for antimicrobial surface properties. Environmental science & technology 48 (1):384-393
14. Xueli G, Haizeng W, Jian W, Xing H, Congjie G (2013) Surface-modified PSf UF membrane by UV-assisted graft polymerization of capsaicin derivative moiety for fouling and bacterial resistance. Journal of Membrane Science 445:146-155
15. Li X, Cai T, Chung T-S (2014) Anti-fouling behavior of hyperbranched polyglycerol-grafted poly (ether sulfone) hollow fiber membranes for osmotic power generation. Environmental science & technology 48 (16):9898-9907
16. Liu C, Zhang D, He Y, Zhao X, Bai R (2010) Modification of membrane surface for anti-biofouling performance: Effect of anti-adhesion and anti-bacteria approaches. Journal of Membrane Science 346 (1):121-130
17. Zinadini S, Zinatizadeh AA, Rahimi M, Vatanpour V, Zangeneh H (2014) Preparation of a novel antifouling mixed matrix PES membrane by embedding graphene oxide nanoplates. Journal of Membrane Science 453:292-301
18. Schiffman JD, Elimelech M (2011) Antibacterial activity of electrospun polymer mats with incorporated narrow diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS applied materials & interfaces 3 (2):462-468
19. Mural PKS, Jain S, Kumar S, Madras G, Bose S (2016) Unimpeded permeation of water through biocidal graphene oxide sheets anchored on to 3D porous polyolefinic membranes. Nanoscale 8 (15):8048-8057
20. Pavlukhina SV, Kaplan JB, Xu L, Chang W, Yu X, Madhyastha S, Yakandawala N, Mentbayeva A, Khan B, Sukhishvili SA (2012) Noneluting enzymatic antibiofilm coatings. ACS applied materials & interfaces 4 (9):4708-4716
21. Padmavathy N, Samantaray P, D G L, Madras G, Bose S (2017) Selective Cleavage of Polyphosphoester in Crosslinked Copper based Nanogels: Enhanced Antibacterial Performance Through Controlled release of Copper. Nanoscale:10.1039/C1037NR02446K
22. Li Z, Lee D, Sheng X, Cohen RE, Rubner MF (2006) Two-level antibacterial coating with both release-killing and contact-killing capabilities. Langmuir 22 (24):9820-9823
23. Mural PKS, Banerjee A, Rana MS, Shukla A, Padmanabhan B, Bhadra S, Madras G, Bose S (2014) Polyolefin based antibacterial membranes derived from PE/PEO blends compatibilized with amine terminated graphene oxide and maleated PE. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2 (41):17635-17648
24. Popa A, Davidescu C, Trif R, Ilia G, Iliescu S, Dehelean G (2003) Study of quaternary ‘onium’salts grafted on polymers: antibacterial activity of quaternary phosphonium salts grafted on ‘gel-type’styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers. Reactive and functional polymers 55 (2):151-158
25. Kanazawa A, Ikeda T, Endo T (1993) Novel polycationic biocides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of polymeric phosphonium salts. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (2):335-343
26. Hebbar RS, Isloor AM, Ananda K, Ismail A (2016) Fabrication of polydopamine functionalized halloysite nanotube/polyetherimide membranes for heavy metal removal. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4 (3):764-774
27. Zhao X, He C (2015) Efficient Preparation of Super Antifouling PVDF Ultrafiltration Membrane with One Step Fabricated Zwitterionic Surface. ACS applied materials & interfaces 7 (32):17947-17953
28. Ganesh B, Isloor AM, Ismail AF (2013) Enhanced hydrophilicity and salt rejection study of graphene oxide-polysulfone mixed matrix membrane. Desalination 313:199-207
Copyright (c) 2018 Suryasarathi Bose, Paresh Samantaray
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
